Dinosaur Fossil Contributed To Creation Museum In Kentucky

As reported on Friday by Park City Daily News from a compress discharge by the Kentucky Creation Museum, the bible-based museum has been the beneficiary of a large dinosaur skeleton, which is said to offer even more proof that supports the biblical account of a universal flood. The dinosaur skeleton, donated by the Elizabeth Streb Peroutka Foundation of Maryland, is said to be the remains of a 10 feet tall, 30 feet long, Allosaurus, which is in tremendous order.
The dinosaur skeleton's fresh-looking state, as noted by geologist, Andrew Snelling, "is proof of an enormously hasty funeral which is corroboration of the global calamity of a flood a few thousand years ago".
Evolutionists have long claimed that dinosaurs vanished millions of years ago. Yet, while evolutionists offer a mass of "theories" as to how or why dinosaurs became vanished, to this day, they still have no idea what truly caused their abrupt and calamitous end.
Ken Ham, founder and president of the Creation Museum, added: ";While evolutionists use dinosaurs more than everything to endorse their worldview, particularly to young students, our museum uses dinosaurs to help tell the account of history according to the Bible. This extraordinary allosaur is a great addition to our dinosaur exhibits. It's been a enjoyment to work with the Peroutka Foundation, which wants to use this great fossil in a God-honoring way."
But, as the Park City Daily News reported, not each person was thrilled about the liberal gift. Dan Phelps, who is president of the Kentucky Paleontological Society, attacked the scientific reliability of the Creation Museum by claiming that the Creation Museum hasn't done "any scientific research".
Phelps was quoted as saying: "The Creation Museum has asserted the specimen to be evidence of Noah's flood without any actual research."
Unfortunately for Mr. Phelps, Dr. Andrew Snelling, in this following video, "Origins: The Worldwide Flood - Geologic Evidences", offers a very evidence-based, scientific explanation supporting the biblical account of the flood. In addition to this video, is this much longer, much more detailed video "Noah's Flood Washing Away Millions of Years", refuting Dan Phelp's accusations?
Seemingly disgruntled over the Creation Museum's new gift, Dan Phelps took another shot: "Of course, since the Creation Museum doesn't do scientific research, all it really has done is obtaining a nice display trophy." As the Creation Museum explains, however, referring to Dr. Snelling's observation of the skeletal remains:
"As a geologist, Dr. Snelling added that unlike the way most of the Morrison Formation bones had been found scattered and mixed, the intact skeleton of this allosaur is testimony to extremely rapid burial, which is a confirmation of the global catastrophe of a Flood a few thousand years ago."

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Dinosaur Footprint Found - Alaskan River

There may be one more consequence in the works for "Jurassic Park," but a fossilized version was just discovered along the Yukon River in Alaska. Thousands of fossilized footsteps of both meat eaters and plant eaters were found in the rocks beside the river.
Paul McCarthy, a professor of geology at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, said he was shocked at just how many fossils he and his colleagues found. "We found dinosaur footprints by the scores on literally every outcrop we stopped at," he said in a statement. "The tracks were so abundant along the Yukon River that we could find and collect as many as 50 specimens in as little as 10 minutes."
Unlike other dinosaur footprints, many of the fossils discovered in Alaska protruded from the rocks instead of indented inwards. Mark Norell, the head of paleontology at the American Museum of Natural History, said to think of what would happen to your footprints on a wet and sandy beach.
"If there's a big storm and the footprint is covered in clay blown from the hillside, it will cover the footprint," he told ABC News. After it hardens over millions of years, the clay molding ends up capturing what the foot itself looked like. "It's like you're seeing the animal's foot while it was alive."
There are many sites filled with dinosaur fossils in the contiguous United States, but Alaska hasn't been explored quite so thoroughly. "This is the kind of discovery you would have expected in the Lower 48 a hundred years ago," said Pat Druckenmiller, the earth sciences curator at the University Of Alaska Museum of the North. "We found a great diversity of dinosaur types, evidence of an extinct ecosystem we never knew existed."
Norell said it's a little too early to make those kinds of claims. "They're not the most groundbreaking fossils, but they're interesting," he said. "It's important to see how exactly these fossils add to the diversity of the dinosaurs we know of."

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Dinosaurs Joke

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Ultimate Dinosaurs Show Upcoming To Science Museum

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Dinosaurs from the Southern Hemisphere are upcoming north. The Science Museum of Minnesota proclaimed Wednesday it will host the roaming show "Ultimate Dinosaurs: Giants from Gondwana," to open March 1. The exhibit was created by the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto and includes reconstructions of 20 dinosaur skeletons.
But don't expect a Tyrannosaurus rex. The display focuses on dinosaurs that evolved in separation in South America, Africa and Madagascar, species new to most North Americans. Visitors will learn how geologic history affected the evolution of dinosaurs during the Mesozoic Era, 250 million to 65 million years ago, and why these southern dinos are different from their northern brethren.
Millions of years ago, the massive landmass of Pangaea broke into Laurasia in the north and Gondwana in the south. As the continents drifted apart, early dinosaurs were separated and evolved independently in different regions.
Among the dinosaurs in the exhibit are the big South American carnivore Giganotosaurus, the nearly 7,000-pound Suchomimus found in what's now the Sahara Desert in Niger, and Cryolophosaurus from Antarctica, who sported a pompadour head crest.
The research of Macalester College professors Ray Rogers and Kristi Curry Rogers is highlighted in a couple of dinosaurs from Madagascar. In the 1990s, while Curry Rogers was a paleontologist at the Science Museum, she discovered a new plant-eating dinosaur that she named Rapetosaurus, after the mischievous Malagasy folklore giant, Rapeto. As an adult, Rapetosaurus may have been up to 60 feet long.
The exhibit also will include video games, hands-on activities and visual technologies to help visitors understand what these creatures might have looked like and how they moved. The 2007 documentary "Dinosaurs Alive!" will run concurrently in the museum theater. It follows fossil hunters in New Mexico and China's Gobi Desert.
St. Paul will be the second stop for "Ultimate Dinosaurs" in the United States, following its current run in Cincinnati. Group and school tickets are on sale now. Individual tickets go on sale this winter.

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Dinosaurs create unique arrival to the Vale

Dinosaurs are being brought back to life by what some may consider being an unlikely source just outside Eve sham.
Over a number of years Domestic Fowl Trust has established itself as an internationally recognized leading expert in poultry keeping.
But with chickens being the closest living relatives to dinosaurs the new owners are looking to refuge the links between them and their forefathers who walked this planet millions of years ago.
So 13 near life-sized models - built by their very own dinosaur-maker - have taken up residence in a meadow in the grounds of the trust's home on Station Road in the centre of Honeybourne.
And plans are currently being drawn up to create a museum to teach visitors all about Tyrannosaurus Rex and co.
It is part of the ongoing development of the trust into a nature centre by Stratford couple Becky and Nigel Ford who bought it a year ago.
In the ten years prior to that they set up and ran All Things Rural on Red Hill on the A45 between Stratford and Alcester, selling rural goods and breeding pygmy goats and alpacas.
In the past year they have opened All Things Wild, a small rural nature centre in Honeybourne with a host of animals, and are now stepping back in time with the dinosaurs.
Hannah Stokes, a former teacher who was recently appointed to the newly created role as head of education, told us: "Since taking over they have had in their heads a vision and aspiration of creating an educational nature centre.
"They want a centre which educates through nature rather than a theme park, and the plans for the dinosaur museum are the next part of that.
"When they took over the centre had become a bit trodden down and they wanted to change that."
The trust's new owners have also launched experience days for schools and other groups during which they get to learn all about the various animals that live there. They aim to inspire some of them into future careers working with animals.
Building work on the dinosaur museum is expected to start in the next two months.
All Things Wild is open all year round.

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Dinosaur skeleton established near Lisbon

Portuguese paleontologists Octavia Mateusz said on Tuesday the most complete skeleton of a 150 million-year-old dinosaur in the world had been discovered in the south of Lourinha, about 70 kilometers north of Lisbon.
"It is certainly the most complete dinosaur we have in Portugal and one of the most complete from the Upper Jurassic in the whole world and this means we can study how dinosaurs evolved and how, in this case, they turned into birds", Mateusz, a researcher at Lourinha museum and Universidad Nova de Lisboa told Lussa News Agency.
The discovery still has to be confirmed in the laboratory and there are expectations it may be a new species, but the paleontologists believes it is a coelurosaur, a group of relatively small carnivorous dinosaurs less than two meters long from 150 million years ago, which are rare in Portugal.
In this year's summer campaign Mateusz came across "a dinosaur with an almost complete skeleton from the shoulders to the hips, with well-preserved ribs and all the articulated bones and even with the area of the knee and a paw".
"It is uncommon in the Upper Jurassic in Lourinha, because normally we discover one or two isolated bones and when we discover more material, it is disarticulated", Mateusz explained, adding that anywhere in the world, the coelurosaurs are rare "we knew their teeth and a few isolated bones".
"So this is the first articulated coelurosaur", he said.

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Ruins Of Jurassic Rat Comparative Establish In China

A newly discovered fossil found in China might make you think twice about the types of animals you would expect to find in a Jurassic-themed animal reserve.

Zhe-Xi Luo, a professor of organismal biology and anatomy at the University of Chicago, recently discovered a 160-million-year-old skeleton in the Tiaojishan Formation, about 180 kilometers, or about 112 miles, northeast of Beijing. The fossil is a near-perfect preservation of the mammal Rugosodon eurasiaticus, a rodent-like creature similar to today's African dormouse, though bigger and less cuddly.

This fossil belongs to the multituberculate order of mammals. Greg Wilson, an assistant professor of biology who specializes in early mammal history, says that these animals were incredibly successful at living and reproducing alongside dinosaurs during the Jurassic period. "Other mammals were cowering in [the dinosaurs'] shadows, but the multituberculates were unfazed," he told ABC News.
The specimen that Luo studied, which currently resides at the Beijing Museum of Natural History, was the oldest multituberculate skeleton found. "Most of these types of fossils date back from 55 [million] to 100 million years ago," said Luo.
One attribute that may explain part of the multituberculate's success is its multipurpose limbs. "The ankles, finger bones and the first big toe are all capable of a wide range of motion," said Luo. "This lets them do all sorts of things, like climb trees and dig tunnels."
In addition to the flexible legs and hands, another helpful adaptation are the mammals' teeth. "The teeth have a lot of creases and grooves, which lets them feed on seeds and fruits but also on insects and worms," said Luo. "The teeth are very interesting and very cute."
By having both a wide range of ways to get around and a wide range of things to eat, the multituberculates could adapt to whatever environment they were living in. "They had an incredibly long history," said Luo. "They lived with dinosaurs for 100 million years, and outlived them too."
Luo's recent research, published in last week's issue of Science, focused on the teeth and ankle bones.
"The analysis of the ankle was quite thorough," said Wilson. "But other aspects of the limbs and claws would tell us more about how it moved around in its environment. Some of us [researchers] are waiting for a more detailed analysis."
Luo reassures that this skeleton is the real deal. "We put in a complete statement of authentication [with our paper]," he said. "I have my professional reputation at stake, and weeding out the fake fossils is the very first thing real professionals do."

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History of Dinosaurs in Hollywood

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Portugal Dinosaur Eggs Associated To Unusual Torvosaurus Shell

Dinosaur eggs in Portugal were probably laid by a Torvosaurus, the major marauder of its day. The giant mortals lived through the Jurassic Era and were measured the corresponding of the T.rex in the Cretaceous. Ancient dinosaurs eggs are an unusual and fragile find, but paleontologists have ledge discovered some of the most prehistoric Torovosaurus embryos still exposed.
The discovery was completed by Vasco Ribera, a paleontologist with Portugal's Universidad Nova de Lisboans. He and numerous contemporaries originate the eggshells at two detach sites in the Lorena Formation. The configuration is recognized for its Jurassic dinosaur nest sites, building it the ideal position to find eggs and eggshells.
The region was a floodplain that cycled during dehydrated seasons and torrential rains during that era of time. While the dinosaur eggshells established in Portugal were devastated, leave-taking no sketches of embryos, researchers were capable to investigate the figure, size, and texture of the shells to decide which animals left them.
The first grasp was made up of sphere-shaped eggs about six inches in distance, notes Mother Nature Network. They likely belonged to the Torvosaurus, which grew up to 36 feet. The eggs established at the second site weren't as easy to recognize. Though, they consider they were laid by a theropod called the Lourinhanosaurus attunes. The dinosaur was about 15 feet long when it was completely grown.
The eggs were about five inches extended and 3.5 inches wide. While researchers aren't confident how the eggs came to be deserted, there are two theories to elucidate it. Some consider that the early dinosaurs laid numerous clutches of eggs, and then deserted them to fend for themselves. This is seen with several species today, counting sea turtles.
But others believe the ancient predators were as considerate as penguins and alligators, guarding their eggs from predators until they emerge. But after that, the baby dinosaurs were likely on their own. Ribera and his team found no proof that a mother dinosaur fed her young or secluded the early nest.

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Fossils Disclose In Earths Progression After Dinosaurs

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Huge Plant-Eating Dinosaurs Were Capable To Coexist

Researchers have deciphered the ancient obscurity about how abundant genus of large, plant-eating dinosaurs could co-exist productively over biological time. Dr Jordan Mallon, a post-doctoral member at the Canadian Museum of Nature considered and analyzed distinctiveness of almost 100 dinosaur skulls improved from the Dinosaur Park Formation in Alberta, Canada.
Mallon's consequences specify that these mega herbivores had conflicting skull uniqueness that would have allowed them to deliberate in eating different types of foliage. The results, available in the journal PLOS ONE, sustain an idea known as niche partitioning, which dates to the 19th-century studies of Charles Darwin and came into its own in the 1950s with the expansion of the science of ecology.
The Dinosaur Park Formation is between 76.5 and 75 million years old and is known for its rich thoughtfulness of dinosaur leftovers. The rock unit has yielded nearly 20 species of mega herbivores from the Late Cretaceous period. Of these, six species would have coexisted at any one time, counting two types of ankylosaurs, two types of hadrosaurs, and two types of ceratopsids.
"Today's mega herbivore communities are not nearly as dissimilar as those from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, and most other fossil communities also soft by association. So the question is: how does a situation sustain so many of these large herbivores at once?" Mallon said. Mallon tested two opposing hypotheses. The first is that accessibility of food was not a warning factor in genus endurance. Plants may have been either super-abundant, so the mega herbivores did not have to struggle for food, or the dinosaurs' metabolisms were comparatively low, so the situation could support more species relative to a fauna comprised wholly of high-metabolic animals.   The second hypothesis is that the obtainable food resources were restraining and that niche partitioning came into play; in other words, there weren't that many plants to go around so that the species had to share obtainable food sources by specializing on different types of vegetation."If niche partitioning was in effect, then you would expect to see various dietary adaptations among the contemporaneous dinosaur species," said Mallon. These differences, for example, would reflect whether a dinosaur was adapted to feeding on soft or hard plant tissues.

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Man Eating Dinosaurs Lived In Nagasaki

Two conserved tooth piece fossils of a early meat-eater dinosaur were exposed in a deposit of earth, which is about 84 million years old, on the Nagasaki Peninsula.
Officials at the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum and the Nagasaki city board of education said that the fossils are thinking to be from a dinosaur that was more than 7 meters long, the Japan Times reported. Though, they could not identify the species from just the remains.
They also asserted that one of the fragments, which measures 35.4 mm by 26.8 mm by 11.2 mm and is one of the biggest fossils of a carnivorous dinosaur's tooth ever found in Japan, forms roughly half of an estimated 6-cm-long tooth from the root.
The other piece is 34.2 mm long and 13.6 mm wide. Officials said that the sharp protrusions show they were the teeth of a carnivore. Chief researcher at the museum, Kazunori Miyata, found the fossils in July 2011 in the Mitsuze layer on the west coast of the peninsula.
The new fossils are currently on display at Sanwa Gyosei Center in Nagasaki until July 12 and then at the Nagasaki Science Museum until July 28.

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Dinosaur Fetus Vestige Originated In Peruvian Landscape

Late last week a creation team found a tiny fossil while functioning. They were doing schedule work in the small town of Corire located in Arequipa. The breakthrough has been established by specialists to be the fossil of a dinosaur fetus. The small find events no more than 10 cm. across.
Archaeologist Lucero Angulo studied the variety and unwavering that it was certainly a dinosaur because of its carnivorous teeth. Experts say that the area neighboring the fossil is particularly contributing to such finds since of its fine sandstone and hope to make other analogous discoveries in the society.
Angulo and other archaeologists have asked to remove the fossil and place it under the control of the Ministry of Culture to be able to better study the specimen. The mayor of Corire, Manuel Alpaca, implores that the fossil not be removed from the area for further investigation.
"We want the scientists to come here to investigate the existence of dinosaurs," he stated to El Comercio."We don't want them to take it because of what happened to Juanita the mummy when she was never returned to Cabanaconde." The mayor also hopes that this discovery will lead to an increase in tourism to Corire. He has spoken of plans to build a museum on the site in order to properly display the fossil and attract more international attention.

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Dinosaurs-Symphony of Science

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NASA Is Smarter Than Dinosaurs

NASA says the community can show humans are "smarter than the dinosaurs" by serving them situating asteroids that have the possible to end the person pursuit.
The dinosaurs were extremely killed off by an asteroid bang about 66 million years ago, and humans could one day appearance a comparable danger.
"NASA previously is functioning to discover asteroids that capacity is a menace to our planet, and while we have established 95 percent of the large asteroids near the Earth's orbit, we want to find all those that might be a threat to Earth," says deputy administrator Lori Garver.
"This grand challenge is paying attention on detecting and characterizing asteroids and learning how to deal with possible coercion. We will also connect public rendezvous, open modernism and citizen science to help solve this global problem."
The mission has backing from the White House, which says the hunt for killer asteroids requires an "all-hands-on-deck effort".
"The efforts of private-sector partners and our citizen scientists will augment the work NASA already is doing to improve near-Earth object detection capabilities," says Tom Kalil, deputy director for technology and innovation at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy
NASA estimates it has only found a quarter of near-Earth asteroids larger than 100m in diameter. Those larger than about 140m could destroy an entire city, if they hit at the right angle and speed. An asteroid that exploded above the Russian city of Chelyabinsk earlier this year, injuring hundreds, was only about 15m across.
"This is really a call to action to find all asteroid threats to human populations and know what to do about them;" says Ms Garver, adding that a successful deflection would prove "we're smarter than the dinosaurs".
NASA is also looking for ideas and in sequence on how it can achieve its other asteroid-related goal capturing one and bringing it into orbit around the moon.

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Dinosaur maybe first animals to get toothache

Scientists from China, the US and Canada established the fossilised jawbone of Sinosaurus, supposed to have survived 190 million years ago, and accomplished that it could be the initial exposed animal that had a toothache.
The scientists held a dental discussion on the dinosaur, enchanting X-rays and lettering a report on its toothache, which was published in Chinese Science Bulletin last week. The extinct animal former could have urbanized a toothache after piercing into something hard that it injured its gum, according to the learn.
"It was ordinary for carnivorous dinosaurs to lose teeth, but this specimen we were studying was different," Xing Lida, who co-authored the research report.
"Its tooth socket was totally packed which indicates the tooth loss was since of dental problems as an alternative of exterior force," Xing told state-run China Daily here today.
In 2007, the Lufeng Dinosaurian Museum improved an partial skull and numerous postcranial remains of a new specimen of Sinosaurus from Lufeng Basin in Yunnan region.
Based on other Sinosaurus specimens, the whole upper jaw should have 13 or 14 tooth positions. The skeleton had two broken teeth conserved in the tooth socket. An X-ray of the bone shows the outline of the original tooth socket.
The space of the bad tooth is less radiolucent than the adjacent tooth socket - in other words, X-rays don't pass through as much - which indicates that secondary bone filled the space, the report said.
"When the dinosaur's teeth were lost or removed while it was alive, the bony socket remodelled over time, so that there was no longer a tooth socket," Xing said. Scientists also found no pyrite rot in the socket of the bad tooth, while pyrite growth was observed over all the other tooth spaces.
"The osseous abnormalities after teeth loss is common among mammals, but it is rarely found on reptiles like the dinosaur," professor Bruce M Rothschild, at the University of Kansas Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Institute said, in a news release about the research report, which he also co-authored.
Canadian paleontologist Phil R Bell compared the Sinosaurus jawbone to a skeleton of a ring-tailed lemur because the ring-tailed lemur likes chewing hard nuts, which causes teeth problems similar to those of the Sinosaurus.
"The dinosaur might have hurt its teeth and got the teeth problem for similar reasons," Bell said in the news release. "The study of disease and other abnormalities in the fossil record can reveal unique insights into the behaviour, biology and development of extinct animals.
"For example, among theropod dinosaurs, injury-related trauma like bites, exostoses, fractures, infection and stress fractures are the overriding cause of osteopathy," he said.

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Dinosaurs Dad’s Care

Male Dinosaurs

Male dinosaurs may not have had a caring side after all. Five years ago, a revise of theropod dinosaurs accomplished that it was male dinosaurs that nurtured the eggs of their progeny. Now a new analysis of the same data is demanding that ruling.
It is appallingly complex to work out how long-extinct animals behaved, but a few fossils found in current decades show visibly that some Mesozoic theropods, a bipedal group of carnivorous dinosaurs, through and sat on nests, actually in the same way that birds do today.

David Research

In 2008, David Varricchio at Montana State University in Bozeman and his equals set about learning more about dinosaur parenting. Their strategy was to join data from those fossils with what we know about how their offspring behave today.
They deduced the mature body heap of the nesting dinosaurs and counted the maximum number of fossil eggs in the nests accredited to each genus. They then compared their statistics to like data from studies of birds and crocodiles.
This naked those nesting theropod dinosaurs twisted strangely large authorities for their body mass, a guide often seen in birds in which the male alone cares for the eggs. In these species, female birds can plow more possessions into bigger clutches, because the female is free to leave the nest and replenish her power coffers after laying eggs. Varricchio's team completed that amongst theropods, the males were also the egg incubators.

British Research

Recently a group of British researchers reanalyzed the data and came to a different conclusion.
Led by Charles Deeming at the University of Lincoln, the researchers say the 2008 analysis didn't consider a few key points. For occurrence, some birds today intentionally lay their eggs in one more bird's nest to keep away from having to care for them. This deforms the size of some clutches, building them seem strangely large. Theropod dinosaurs may have behaved in the same way.
To try to abolish this effect, Deeming's team counted the eggs in all known fossil nests and worked out a standard clutch size for each theropod genus, instead of simply taking the largest clutch size for each species, as Varricchio had done.
When they compared these standard figures with the adult body mass, they established that the theropod dinosaurs no longer fall into the group of male-only brooders.

Finale

Varricchio says the new psychoanalysis looks solid, but "regardless of what this paper or our paper says, we are really operating with only a few pieces of the puzzle," he says. "To address the care in these dinosaurs, one needs to believe their other relatives and not just birds." For instance, crocodiles, which share an ordinary precursor with all dinosaurs, might be one basis of clues to threatening behavior.
Deeming agrees. "If you look at the eggs in those dinosaur nests, they're configuration is related to crocodile eggs," he says. Crocodiles must bury their eggs to avoid them from drying out, and Deeming thinks the dinosaurs buried their eggs, too.
"Crocodiles don't incubate their eggs; they just sit on the buried eggs to protect them from predators," Deeming says. "I think that's probably what was going on in the dinosaurs, too."

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Mom Or Dad Nurture Dinosaur Eggs

Male and female dinosaurs may have shared the liability of incubating their progeny, but how to conclude which parent was concerned vestiges a mystery, according to a new study that re-examines the idea that the threatening performance of current birds may envisage related behavior in their dinosaur ancestors.
Modern birds are consideration to have evolved from theropods, a group of carnivorous dinosaurs that include such identifiable predators as the Velociraptor and Tyrannosaurus rex.
In study published in the journal Science in 2009, scientists examined the way existing birds nurture their eggs, claiming that only male theropods took part in incubation. But the study, which compared the size of male and female birds with the size and number of eggs that were laid, omits some important factors, said Geoff Birchard, a professor in the department of environmental science and policy at George Mason University in Fairfax, Va., and co-author of the new study.
"They looked at the number of eggs and how big they were, and said they could figure out whether mommy incubated, daddy incubated, or both did," Birchard told LiveScience."The problem is, the biology following it is a little bit off."
Birchard and his colleagues frequent the 2009 study using more data from living bird species. They resolute that comparing the size of the birds with the grab size - which is determined by multiplying the number of eggs lay in a nest by the volume or mass of the eggs - could not successfully establish whether it was the male or female guarding the eggs.
"Our psychoanalysis of the relationship between female body mass and clutch mass was motivating in its own right, but also showed that it was not achievable to terminate anything about incubation in extinct distant relatives of the birds," study co-author Charles Deeming, a researcher at the University of Lincoln in the United Kingdom, said in a declaration.
Part of the problem is that birds do not all exhibit the same threatening behavior.
"There's a huge amount of difference with birds," Birchard said."With certain bird types, two parents are always involved, but with some bigger birds, only the daddy is incubating the eggs. With dinosaurs, overall, there's a huge amount of variety, too."
And whether the actions of modern birds can be used to forecast the behavior of dinosaurs is also a source of argue.
"There are great differences of opinion about it," Birchard said."There's a long time gap between dinosaurs and the origin of birds, so it's an awful long time for us to say what's being done with birds was also being done with dinosaurs. We use this kind of inference sometimes, but birds are also a very exceptional group."

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Dinosaurs Sighted in Tasmania

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Dinosaur Genus Revealed In China

Most people think of dinosaurs as big, ferocious and extinct reptiles. That's largely true, but there are some misconceptions. Dinosaurs came in all shapes and sizes. Dinosaurs were the largest land animals of all time, but a great number of dinosaurs were smaller than a turkey.
Scientists have discovered the fossilized skeleton of a baby dinosaur representing a new species of coelurosaur, a group of theropods that includes ancient beasts like T. rex.
With a skull that's barely taller than the diameter of a quarter, the remains are thought to have belonged to a dinosaur that was less than a year old when it died, and researchers think it measured just 3 feet (1 meter) long and weighed only 3 lbs. (1.3 kilogram).
But the baby may have grown into a bruiser in adulthood, possibly comparable to the 16-foot-long (5 meters) Monolophosaurus, a theropod dinosaur with a long bony crest on its head, or the 25-foot-long (7.6 m) Sinraptor, which means "Chinese plunderer."
The discovery was made by James Clark, the Ronald B. Weintraub Professor of Biology, in the Department of Biological Sciences of GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences. Dr. Clark, along with his then doctoral student Jonah Choiniere and a team of international researchers, found the dinosaur specimen in a remote region of Xinjiang in China in 2006.
Dinosaurs first appeared about 230 million years ago. They ruled the Earth for about 135 million years until an extinction event 65 million years ago wiped out all but bird-like dinosaurs. Scientists don't agree entirely on what happened, but the extinction likely was a double or triple whammy involving an asteroid impact, choking chemicals from erupting volcanoes, climate change and possibly other factors.
Named Aorun zhaoi after a character in the Chinese epic tale "Journey to the West," this dinosaur lived more than 161 million years ago, when the Late Jurassic Period was just getting underway, according to scientists at George Washington University who made the discovery in northwestern China.
James Clark, a GW biologist, and a team that included his then doctoral student Jonah Choiniere made the find in 2006 at the Shishugou Formation in a remote part of Xinjiang. Aorun is the fourth coelurosaur found in this formation, which has yielded a remarkable diversity of theropods, a group of mostly carnivorous dinosaurs that walked on two legs.
Dr. Choiniere, now a senior researcher at the Evolutionary Studies Institute at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa, was a doctoral student in Biological Studies at GW when the discovery was made. He was also a Kalbfleisch Fellow and Gerstner Scholar at the American Museum of Natural History.
Aorun lived more than 161 million years ago, in the earliest part of the Late Jurassic Period. Its small, numerous teeth suggest that it would have eaten prey like lizards and small relatives of today's mammals and crocodilians.
The beasts preserved in the Shishugou deposits date back to a period straddling the Middle and Late Jurassic Period, a time when dinosaurs had just begun to reach enormous sizes and dominate ecosystems on land, Clark's website notes.
"All that was exposed on the surface was a bit of the leg," Clark said in a statement. "We were pleasantly surprised to find a skull buried in the rock too."
A closer look at the fossils showed that the bones had not fully developed.
The Jurassic Period was the second segment of the Mesozoic Era. It occurred from 199.6 to 145.5 million years ago, following the Triassic Period and preceding the Cretaceous Period.
During the Jurassic Period, the supercontinent Pangaea split apart. The northern half, known as Laurentia, was splitting into landmasses that would eventually form North America and Eurasia, opening basins for the central Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. The southern half, Gondwana, was drifting into an eastern segment that would form Antarctica, Madagascar, India and Australia, and a western portion that would form Africa and South America. This rifting, along with generally warmer global temperatures, allowed for diversification and dominance of the reptiles known as dinosaurs.
"We were able to look at microscopic details of Aorun's bones and they showed that the animal was less than a year old when it died on the banks of a stream," said Choiniere.
Choiniere is now a senior researcher at the Evolutionary Studies Institute at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. In addition to being a GW doctoral student at the time of the discovery, Choiniere was also a Kalbfleisch Fellow and Gerstner Scholar at the American Museum of Natural History.
This is the fifth new theropod discovered at the Wucaiwan locality by the team, co-led by Dr. Clark and Dr. Xu Xing of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
This research was funded by the National Science Foundation Division of Earth Sciences and the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation.

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